Dysgraphia refers to a neurological or brain-based learning disorder affecting writing. Dysgraphia, like all learning disorders, is common in people with ADHD. Dysgraphia is a written expression disorder that hinders one’sĀ writing ability and fine motor skills. It is a learning disability that affects both children and adults, interfering with nearly every aspect of the writing process. This includes spelling, legibility, word spacing and sizing, and expression.
Estimates suggest that five to 20 percent of all children have some form of writing disability, such as dysgraphia. In children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or attention deficit disorder (ADD), dysgraphia and other learning disorders such as dyslexia and dyscalculia are common (ADHD or ADD). A learning disorder affects up to half of all children with ADHD in the United States. Get insights into supportingĀ students with disabilities resulting from dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculiaĀ through comprehensive Q&A by NY State Education Dept.Ā
Masters of Science in General and Special Education
M.S., Ph.D. Literacy Specialist, Writing Coach
New York State Licensed Special Education Teacher
Masterās in Special Education
Master’s in Education for Students with Disabilities
MA in Clinical Psychology, BS in Integrative Neuroscience
Special Education Teacher
Ph.D. Candidate in School Psychology, Master’s in Special Education
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Language is all about communicating expressively and effectively through sounds and listening, reading, and writing. And for many children who struggle with language, this can lead to further issues with literacy, such as learning to write and peers.
Watch this video with Dr. Anthony Koutsoftas, Ph.D., CCC-SLP, speech-language pathologist, professor of speech-language therapy at Seton Hall University, and learn more about why writing is one of the most difficult skills to master and the pivotal roles that speech-language pathologists play in literacy.
Dysgraphia can be detected early on when a young child struggles to learn to write. However, a disorder of written expression may be overlooked during the early school years as a child’s writing ability develops. Dysgraphia can go undetected until adolescence or even adulthood.
Dysgraphia symptoms include:
Dysgraphia symptoms typically change over time. Individuals with dysgraphia typically struggle with writing mechanics and have other fine-motor impairments. Proper pencil grasp development for writing starts a lot earlier than you think in children. Here are someĀ typical pencil grasp development for writing. Dysgraphia in adolescents and adults, on the other hand, is associated with problems with grammar, syntax, comprehension, and generally putting thoughts on paper.
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The cause of dysgraphia is unknown, but adults with dysgraphia are more likely to develop the condition following some trauma or injuries that damage the brain’s parietal lobe. The treatment of dysgraphia differs and may involve treating motor disorders to improve one’s writing movements. Other treatments may address issues such as impaired memory or other neurological issues. Some doctors recommend that people with dysgraphia use computers to avoid handwriting problems.
It is related to brain injury, disease, or degenerative conditions that cause the individual (typically as an adult) to lose previously acquired skills in writing.
Refers to difficulties in acquiring writing skills. This type of dysgraphia is most ordinarily considered in childhood. The causes of developmental dysgraphia are unknown, but researchers have identified several subtypes4 that correspond to certain neurological mechanisms:
Dysgraphia has long been associated with a lack of fine-motor coordination, whichĀ explainsĀ difficulties with writing. Individuals with motor dysgraphia commonly have illegible and slow handwriting, poor drawing and tracing skills, and slow finger-tapping (a common measure of fine motor skills).
It isĀ linked to issues with spatial perception, which affects letter spacing and drawing ability. Handwriting and drawing are difficult for students and children with spatial dysgraphia, but spelling and finger-tapping speed are usually normal.
Affects the language processing skills required for writing, particularly on spontaneously written text (text that has not been traced or copied) that frequently comes out as illegible. Linguistic dysgraphia does not affect drawing, copying, or oral spelling. Linguistic dysgraphia might be a sign of aĀ developmental language disorderĀ and anĀ expressive language disorder.Ā
Specialists can use a variety of tools to determine a diagnosis, including:
The diagnosing specialist will give the child academic and writing tests to gauge their ability to put thoughts into writing and evaluate their fine motor skills. Some factors they will be looking at is how the words and letters are formed and whether the child struggles with the physical act of writing itself.
Dysgraphia and other learning disorders are lifelong conditions that have no cure. Treatment for dysgraphia focuses on interventions, accommodations, and special services to circumvent writing-related tasks and/or improve writing abilities. Given the nature of dysgraphia, attempts at remediation and āmore practiceā alone are not enough ā accommodations and other modifications are necessary to manage the condition successfully.
We recommend adapted typing techniques and software and Apps to support students with their written work in math, science, and other subjects. Students can print out their work and turn it in.
At Themba Tutors, we will help elementary, middle, and high school students identify, assess, and manage their difficulties. We will provide them with tools and help them learn the necessary skills to overcome all the challenges that hinder effective learning.Ā Our dysgraphia tutoring and coaching can be customized for all grades and skill levels.
This video will learn about Dysgraphia tests, symptoms, treatment, types, and examples.
Dysgraphia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Management
In this video, you will learn about the symptoms, risk factors and treatments of dysgraphia.
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